Immobilized biosorbents immobilized biosorbents for bioreactors and commercial biosorbents commercial biosorbents

Abstract

Biosorbents are materials derived from specific kind of biomass which are cheaper and more effective alternatives for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solution. In this chapter, based on the literatures and our research results, the biosorbents widely used for heavy metal removal were reviewed, mainly focusing on their pretreatment, modification, immobilisation, regeneration, modelling of column bioadsorber and potential applications. Part or chapter is dedicated to application of biosorbents in reactors for removal of metals from aqueous solutions and some large scale applications of biosorbents were reviewed too. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.