Principles of Integration for Oceans and Coasts

Abstract

This book informs environmental planning professionals, students and those interested in oceans and coasts from an environmental perspective about what is needed for planning and management of these unique environments. It is comprised of twelve chapters organized in three parts. Part I highlights the basics tenets of environmental planning for oceans and coasts including important concepts from the general field of planning and coastal and ocean management (e.g., hydrography, oceans policy and law, geomorphology). Environmental problems inherent within oceans and coasts (such as sea level rise, marine pollution, overdevelopment, etc.) are also addressed, especially those at the land-sea interface. Part II covers those methodological approaches regularly used by planners working to improve environmental quality and conditions of oceans and coasts among them: integrated planning and management, ecosystem services, pollution prevention, and marine spatial planning. Part III focuses specifically on state-of-the-art tools and technologies employed by planners for marine and coastal protection. These include systematic conservation planning for protected areas, decision support tools, coastal adaptation techniques and various types of communication, including visualization, narration and tools for stakeholder participation. The final chapter in the book reviews the most important concepts covered throughout book and emphasizes the important role that environmental planners have to play in the protection and well-being of oceans and coasts. Michael K. Orbach, of the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University, penned the book's foreword. Foreword; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; Part I: Foundations and Issues; Chapter 1: Connections: Environmental Planning, Oceans and Coasts; 1.1 The Planning Connection; 1.2 The Management Connection; 1.3 Planning and Management for Coasts and Oceans; Box 1.1: What Is Environmental Planning?; 1.4 People, Oceans and Coasts; 1.5 The Role of the Planner; 1.6 Special Concerns for Oceans and Coasts; 1.7 Summary; References; Chapter 2: Definitions and Fundamental Concepts; 2.1 Why? Special Challenges; 2.2 Where? Location, Location, Location; Box 2.1: Various Definitions of the Coastal Zone. Box 2.2: Important Marine Jurisdiction Definitions (according to UNCLOS)Box 2.3: The Importance of Marine Boundaries: Iceland; 2.3 When? Historical Developments; 2.4 Who? Institutions and Legal Considerations; 2.4.1 Regulatory Principles; Box 2.4: The Public Trust Doctrine; 2.4.2 International Bodies; 2.4.3 National Entities; 2.4.4 Sub-federal Agencies; 2.4.5 Other Groups: Private and Nonprofit; 2.5 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Policy, Law and Mapping: Foundations of Mankindś Relationship to the Sea; 3.1 Our Understanding of the Sea; 3.2 A Geological Perspective. Box 3.1: Important Geological Features3.3 A Meteorological Perspective; 3.4 Living Resources; 3.5 Improved Mapping for Understanding the Sea; Box 3.2: A Brief History of Seafloor Mapping; 3.6 A Legal Perspective; 3.7 An Environmental Perspective; 3.8 Summary; References; Part II: Methodological Approaches; Chapter 4: Principles of Integration for Oceans and Coasts; 4.1 What Is Integration?; 4.2 The History of Integration; 4.3 Integration for Coastal Planning; Box 4.1: What Is ICZM?; Box 4.2: A Brief Description of the Eight ICZM Principles Adopted by the EU. 4.4 Integration for Marine Planning4.5 Shoreward: Integrated Water Management; 4.6 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Pollution Prevention for Oceans and Coasts; 5.1 A Short History of Influential Events; Box 5.1: The Worldś First Catastrophic Oil Spill; Box 5.2: The BP Spillś Effects Today; 5.2 Pollution Prevention and International Governance; 5.3 Implementing Marine Pollution Prevention; 5.4 Two Non-point Source Marine Pollutants; 5.4.1 Oil and Other Pollutants from Ships: The IMO and MARPOL; Box 5.3: The Pollution Consequences of Anti-fouling Paint; 5.4.2 Marine Litter. 5.5 Place-Based Efforts at Pollution Prevention5.6 Summary; References; Chapter 6: Marine Spatial Planning; 6.1 MSP Defined; Box 6.1: Some Definitions of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP); 6.2 A Brief History; 6.3 Step-by-Step MSP; 6.4 Ecosystem-Based Management and MSP; 6.5 Case Studies; Box 6.2: Common Elements of MSP; 6.5.1 The United States; 6.5.2 Portugal; 6.5.3 Germany; 6.6 Summary; References; Chapter 7: Ecosystem Services for Oceans and Coasts; Box 7.1: What Are Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services?; 7.1 Types of Ecosystem Services; 7.2 General Historical Background of ES.