Pathology of the eye

Abstract

The eye is a complex organ composed of unique anatomical structures. Understanding the functional anatomy and physiology of the eye is critical to understanding the pathology and those features important to toxicologists are reviewed here. In addition, the uniqueness of the eye as an organ necessitates some special handling and processing techniques that are outlined by best practice guidelines important for toxicologists. Mechanisms of toxicity relevant to drug development are discussed with specific examples of toxicity related to cornea, lens, and retina. Common background lesions associated with the eye are listed as are common pathologic responses to xenobiotic-induced injury. Finally, there is a brief discussion of animal models used in ocular toxicity and special considerations in risk assessment.