Gamification and Learning: A Comparative Study of Design Frameworks

Abstract

This study aims to discuss design frameworks for gamification in education and learning, in order to compare project steps and find convergences and divergences in design processes. The research was based on literature review and collected data was compared. Therefore, the study presents gamification design frameworks selected from the literature review and the results showed two sorts of frameworks: models for structural and content gamification. It was found that there are more frameworks to design structural gamification than models to design content gamification. In addition, the frameworks are divided into pre-production, production and post-production phases. The comparison of the frameworks evinced that the most notable convergence between the models is the pre-production phase, which comprises the steps of comprehension and design of the gamified system, which, in general, are more detailed. Lastly, the main divergences were found in the production and evaluation steps, with the absence or indication of how the gamified system is produced or implement and how gamification outcomes are measured.