The Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines Ichinohe, 1952 in Argentina

Abstract

Abstract. The damage caused by the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines in Argentina is revised, together with possible management strategies. This nematode emerged in the last decade as one of the most important parasites of soybean in the region. The histopathology, population dynamics and of natural suppressiveness and biological control. Recommended actions include development of detailed knowledge about the occurrence of the nematode, trainings of experts, development of sound outreach programs and extension activities, evaluation of the nematode incidence on yields and research related to soybean resistance and possible exploitation of natural antagonists. 1. INTRODUCTION Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is the crop of greatest production in Argentina. It is the main commodity export, both unprocessed and processed (Weskamp, 2006), generating the greatest foreign currency income in the country (Giorda, 1997). Soybean expansion in the country started in the 1970s, and since then cultivated areas continued to expand up to 15.2 M ha in the 2005/2006 cropping season, with a production estimated in 40.5 M TM and an average yield of 2660 kg/ha. A 127% increase in the cultivated area has been estimated for the last 10 year-period, whereas production increased by 237% (Rossi, 2006). Transgenic cultivars comprise 98% of cultivars planted (Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentos). The Pampas region concentrates 83.68% of the soybean-producing area, the remaining 16.32% being distributed in other provinces (Fig. 1). Among pests affecting soybean yield, several soil nematode species have a particular incidence. To date, 32 genera and 25 phytophagous species (according to the classification criteria of Yeates, Bongers, Goede, Freckman, & Georgieva, 1993) have been detected in soybean-producing areas in Argentina (Table 1), among which Meloidogyne spp. and Heterodera glycines stand out.