Macro and microhabitat patterns of habitat use and selection by wild boar in los alerces national park

Abstract

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is an invasive species and currently considered as one of the most dangerous species around the world. Although its negative impacts on ecosystems have been broadly described, little is known about its patterns of habitat use in protected areas of South America. In this study, we assessed macro and microhabitat patterns of habitat use and selection of wild boar in Los Alerces National Park, Argentina, during two contrasting study periods (spring-summer and autumn-winter). We surveyed 115 sampling plots to estimate use and availability of macrohabitat and microhabitat variables. Our results showed that Lomatia hirsuta forest was selected at the macrohabitat scale in both study periods, while Nothofagus pumilio forest and Valdivian evergreen rainforest were used significantly less than their availability, and therefore, they were avoided. At a microhabitat scale, we found that wild boars used low slopes and high canopy covers. The use of L. hirsuta forest was also associated with SE exposure and intermediate proportion of ground cover. This study is one of the first attempts to assess wild boar habitat use and selection at two scales in protected areas dominated by temperate forest in Patagonia and the results obtained might be helpful to design management actions to control this invasive species and understand its ecological role.