Unravelling the ecological drivers of Schistostega pennata (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr on the Iberian Peninsula: distribution and conservation

Abstract

Introduction: In the Iberian Peninsula, Schistostega pennata is a rare, acidophilic, Holarctic moss with a characteristic glowing protonema when illuminated by sunlight. It is typically found in dark and humid habitats and is categorised as Threatened or Near Threatened on the Iberian Red Lists. The main aim of this study was to improve knowledge of the distribution, ecology and conservation of S. pennata on the Iberian Peninsula. Methods: All data that were available to us for Schistostega pennata on the Iberian Peninsula (relating to distribution, ecology, phenology) were compiled from the literature, citizen science platforms, and our own observations. Species distribution models were created in Maxent to provide the first approximation to its potential Iberian distribution. Key results: Twenty-six new populations of Schistostega pennata were located, making a total of 73 records for the Iberian Peninsula, mostly from natural and artificial caves, cavities, mines and crevices, and essentially on siliceous substrates. All observations corresponded to areas with abundant rainfall, mild temperatures, and at least some oceanic influence. Species distribution models predicted an expanded potential climatic range in the Iberian temperate region and several montane Mediterranean areas. Conclusions: There remains very little information on Schistostega pennata on the Iberian Peninsula. Existing data coincide with the ecology of the species, although other niches are exploited in other parts of the world that do not seem to occur in this area. It is important to promote its conservation, given the fragmentation of its populations and habitat requirements. Monitoring and initiation of exhaustive sampling campaigns involving citizen science could be a good way to approach this.