Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum leaves extracts and oil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ethanol, Hexane and Chloroform leaf extracts of O. sanctum against pathogenic bacteria to determine their potentials as antibacterial agent. Ocimum sanctum Linn known as Holy Basil is an aromatic plant native to the tropics of Asia and Africa being medicinally important plant in the family Lamiaceae. The family Lamiaceae is one of the most exploited medicinal plant family worldwide not only as a source of medicinal plants but also with its valuable essential oils being used as spices and flavours for various food products. Leaves have petioles, and are ovate, up to 5 cm long, usually slightly toothed. Leaves were separated from the stem, washed in clear water and dried until they were adequately dry to be ground (dried for 7 days). Dried leaves were powdered separately in an electric grinder until a homogenous powder was obtained. Ethanolic, Hexane, Chloroform extract was prepared from the powder obtained using “cold extraction method. The activity of Tulsi extract against K. pneumonia & Staphylococcus aureus was found to be higher at a concentration of 100% followed by 75% & 50% respectively. The maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 21&11mm against Kleibsiella pneumonia and 18&15mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum leaves indicates that the plant possesses potent antimicrobial properties as well as Ocimum is widespread in India, it can be recommended as an easily available and renewal source of antimicrobial agent instead of synthetic chemicals. Keywords:  Ocimum santum, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsialla pneumonia, Disc Diffusion