Bacteremia associated with pressure ulcers: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia associated with pressure ulcers (BAPU) and factors associated with mortality. This study was a prospective observational cohort study of patients with BAPU at a teaching hospital between January 1984 and December 2015. Fifty-six episodes were included. The incidence of BAPU decreased from 2.78 cases per 10,000 hospital discharges in the period from 1984 to 1999 to 1.05 cases per 10,000 hospital discharges in the period from 2000 to 2015 (p < 0.001). In 20 cases (35.7%), the bacteremia was hospital-acquired, since it occurred more than 48 h after the hospital admission. The most frequent microorganisms isolated in blood culture were Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp., and Bacteroides spp. The bacteremia was polymicrobial in 14 cases (25.0%). Overall mortality was observed in 23 episodes (41.1%). The risk factors independently associated with mortality were hospital-acquired bacteremia (odds ratio [OR] 5.51, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.24–24.40), polymicrobial bacteremia (OR 6.88, 95%CI 1.22–38.89), and serum albumin <23 g/L (OR 8.00, 95%CI 1.73–37.01). BAPU is an uncommon complication of pressure ulcers and is mainly caused by S. aureus, Proteus spp., and Bacteroides spp. In our hospital, the incidence of BAPU has declined in recent years, coinciding with the implementation of a multidisciplinary team aimed at preventing and treating chronic ulcers. Mortality rate is high, and hospital-acquired bacteremia, polymicrobial bacteremia, and serum albumin < 23 g/L are associated with increased mortality.