Standards of Textuality: Rendering English and Persian Texts Based on a Textual Model

Abstract

The paper first reports on the standards of textuality which emanate from different ideas of scholars and how the standards' roles work in translation. Secondly, a textual model of translation is proposed, which features the way standards of source and target text could communicate, the importance of translator's triad (knowledge-ideology-creativity) and the direct effects of external agents on translation. Thirdly, to better understand the practicality of the model, excerpts of two English novels with their corresponding Persian translations are analyzed in detail and evaluated.