Spirituality, Religiousness and Mental Health: Scientific Evidence

Abstract

This chapter reviews the main and most robust scientific evidence on the relationship between Religiousness/Spirituality (R/S) and mental health. We discuss the proposed mechanisms involved in this relationship, such as purpose and meaning in life, optimism, gratitude, social support, self-esteem, cognitive framework (involving, for example, a sense of coherence), healthier lifestyle, etc. In general, individuals who have higher levels of religious and spiritual involvement have lower rates of depression, suicidal behaviour, and alcohol and drug use and abuse. Although less consistent, there are studies indicating R/S as useful for coping with anxiety and psychotic symptoms.