Effects of food-borne ZnO nanoparticles on intestinal microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Abstract

Ingestion of nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial properties may disrupt the balance of intestinal microbiota. To investigate the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs on intestinal flora, common carp Cyprinus carpio were fed a commercial feed containing 500 mg kg−1 ZnO NPs for 6 weeks and compared to a control group receiving a similar feed-only regime. Sequencing data were analyzed both in individual fish and in pooled samples. Sequencing of 16S rRNA encoding gene of individual specimens revealed high variation in intestinal microbial composition. Assessment of pooled results can obscure high individual variation in data. ZnO NPs consumption was not associated with a significant difference in the intestinal microbial community compared to untreated controls. Our results indicated a high individual variation in the intestinal microbiome, which may further point out the importance of functional study over microbial composition to address nanomaterials-microbiome relationship.