Urban flood susceptibility evaluation and prediction during 2010–2030 in the southern watersheds of Mashhad city, Iran

Abstract

Background: Urban flood susceptibility evaluation (FSE) can utilize empirical and rational procedures to focus on the urban flood evaluation using physical coefficients and land-use change ratios. The main aim of the present paper was to evaluate a flood susceptibility model in the southern watersheds of Mashhad city, in Iran, for 2010, 2020, and 2030. The construction of the model depended on the utilization of some global datasets to estimate the runoff coefficients of the watersheds, peak flood discharges, and flood susceptibility evaluations. Results and conclusions: Based on the climatic precipitation and urban sprawl variation, our results revealed the mean values of the runoff coefficient (Cr) from 0.50 (2010) to 0.65 (2030), where the highest values of Cr (> 0.70) belonged to the watersheds with real estate cover, soil unit of the Mollisols, and the slope ranges over 5–15%. The averagely cumulative flood discharges were estimated from 2.04 m3/s (2010) to 5.76 m3/s (2030), revealing an increase of the flood susceptibility equal 3.2 times with at least requirement of an outlet cross-section by > 46 m2 in 2030. The ROC curves for the model validity explained AUC values averagely over 0.8, exposing the very good performance of the model and excellent sensitivity.