Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are just projected as the cancer triggering cells in charge of both tumor genesis and cancer resistance. While the theory of CSCs originates from that of normal stem cells, CSC is not necessarily aberrant counterparts of normal stem cells. CSCs can be the origin of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which are releasing from tumor and shed into the vasculature or lymphatic. CTC and CSC are suggested as tools for recognition and classification of disease and individualization of therapy in patients with many solid tumors. In fact, the genetic and epigenetic of CSCs are different from both normal stem cells and tumoral cells. In order to find the best discriminating differences and basic tumor genesis pathway we should know the comprehensive profile of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. Over the last decade, key advancements in omic have assisted high-throughput monitoring of a diversity of molecular and organismal processes. To date, a variety of software have been developed to make effective integration of OMICS-based analyses of several solid tumors to the new targeted cancer therapies. In this chapter we have discussed the CSCs, CTCs from OMICS perspectives.