Assessing the Effects of Modern Renoprotective Agents in Preventing Progression of Renal Composite Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, culminating in end-stage renal disease. Approximately two decades after successful implementation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone blocking system, three classes of agents [sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists] have shown significant potential to confer renoprotection. This network meta-analysis was undertaken to construct a hierarchy based on indirect pairwise comparisons and rankings among and within these three classes of molecules. Methods: A Cochrane library-based web search yielded 16 randomized controlled trials for analysis. Stata/BE 17.0 and RStudio 2022.07.1 Build 554 software were used to conduct a frequentist network meta-analysis. The effect size was assessed based on the odds ratio, and the MDS (multidimensional scaling) rank system was used to identify a hierarchy among reno-protective molecules. Results: Regarding the overall data, the SGLT-2i group of agents ranked higher than the other groups in preventing the progression of renal composite events in patients with T2D. Dapagliflozin ranked the highest among individual molecules. Conclusions: The SGLT-2i group of agents, especially dapagliflozin, is best suited to complement metabolic control in preventing the progression of renal composite outcomes.