Study of Bioclimatic Architecture Methods in the Traditional House of Banjar Gajah Baliku

Abstract

Bioclimatic architecture considers the relationship of local climate with architectural design. Architectural design in vernacular architecture pays attention to the local climate, local construction techniques and materials, social, cultural and economic aspects of the local community. The ancient architecture of the Gajah Baliku traditional house in South Borneo has been around since the 1800s and is part of the vernacular architecture. This study discusses what bioclimatic architectural methods are found in the Gajah Baliku traditional house of Banjar. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research supplemented with quantitative related to the comfort of the main room temperature, aiming to find out the application of any climate responsive architectural methods that have been applied to the Gajah Baliku traditional house in the past. Methods of data collection were obtained from primary sources, namely literature to find a theoretical basis and become a reference in studying empirical data, field observations consisting of measurements, sketches, room temperature measurements, re-drawing of research objects as visual indicators, and interviews. From this study, it was concluded that the traditional house of Gajah Baliku has met 9 (nine) criteria for the bioclimatic architectural method according to the theory and method of Kenneth Yeang, namely (1) core, (2) building orientation, (3) window placement, (4) verandah, (5) transitional room, (6) walls, (7) landscape, (8) passive shielding, and (9) floor insulator, as well as measurements of thermal comfort at room temperature, mainly included in the optimal comfort category, with an average of 25.45oC.