Health benefits of trace elements in human diseases

Abstract

Microorganisms are found almost everywhere and they are extremely adaptable to harsh conditions and survive wherever they are. Microorganisms are exploited by biotechnologists in traditional fortified foods, dairy foods, beverage preparation, and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering. However, there are many pathogenic microbes which are harmful and can cause death in human, plants, and animals. Some chronic non-communicable diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory diseases are well known to be caused by harmful microbes. Trace elements show a number of biochemical and physiological functions. Fortification of foods with traces of essential elements such as selenium, zinc, chromium, copper, silicon, as well as iron, nickel, and vanadium can prevent many of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Human health has a vital relationship with the balance of essential trace elements for the healthy functioning of human body. Supplementation with trace elements should be carefully controlled. When given in quantities exceeding those required for accomplishing their biological functions, they will cause toxic effects. The dietary reference intakes provided by national regulatory agencies are guides to define intake, supplementation, and toxicity of trace elements for humans.