Management of fungal pathogens by Mycorrhiza

Abstract

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and host plant, it has been reported to be mutually beneficial for both the partners. 90% terrestrial plant species able to colonize by mycorrhizal fungal species ranging from flowering to non-flowering plants, 10% terrestrial plants do not form such type of association. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the symbiotic fungi that predominate in the soils and roots of important crop plants for human mankind. The AM is the major type that abundant and form beneficial symbiosis with terrestrial ecosystems and crop production systems. The AM might complete its partial life cycle in host system. The negative-antagonistic interaction of AM with various soil borne plant pathogenic fungi is the explanation for their potential use as bio-control agents. Many researchers have experimentally observed antagonistic effects of AM against some fungal pathogens. This chapter will highlighting on arbuscular mycorrhiza, types of mycorrhiza, the interaction between mycorrhizae and plant pathogens, the role of mycorrhizae in activation of plant defence mechanisms, and effect of some nanoparticles types on mycorrhizae and pathogenic fungi.