Neolithic and eneolithic activities inferred from organic residue analysis of pottery from mala triglavca, moverna vas and ajdovska jama, slovenia

Abstract

The research discussed in this paper focused on the analysis and identification of organic residues either preserved as visible or absorbed organic remains on Neolithic and Eneolithic pottery from various archaeological and geographical contexts. These are connected with various food preparation strategies and past human activities, i.e. cave burials in Ajdovska jama (food as a grave good/offering), the rock shelter at Mala Triglavca (meat and dairy animal husbandry practices) and Moverna vas, which had a long occupation sequence (complex farming and animal management). The preservation of biomarkers mirrored past human activities and different pottery uses at various types of sites. The carbon stable isotope ratios of primary fatty acids in lipid pottery extracts confirmed the presence of adipose and dairy fats as well as biomarkers of plant fats, beeswax and birch bark tar. IZVLE∞EK - Predstavljeno raziskovalno delo se je osredoto≠alo na analizo in identifikacijo organskih ostankov na povrΠini neolitske in eneolitske keramike ter ostankov lipidov absorbiranih v kerami≠- no matrico vzorcev iz razli≠nih arheoloΠkih in geografskih kontekstov. Ti so povezani z razli≠nimi strategijami priprave hrane in preteklimi ≠loveΠkimi aktivnostmi - pokopi v Ajdovski jami (hrana kot grobni pridatek), skalni previs Mala Triglavca (mesna in mlekarska ∫ivinoreja) ter naselbina Moverna vas z dolgo stratigrafsko sekvenco (kompleksno poljedelstvo in ∫ivinoreja). Razli≠ne tipe najdiΠ≠ je bilo mogo≠e povezati z raznolikimi dejavnostmi in raznoliko uporabo kerami≠nih posod prek ohranjenih biomarkerjev. Analiza razmerja stabilnih izotopov glavnih maΠ≠obnih kislin v kerami≠- nih ekstraktih je potrdila prisotnost mesnih in mle≠nih maΠ≠ob glavnih domestikatov kakor tudi navzo≠ nost lipidnih biomarkerjev rastlinskega izvora, ostanke ≠ebeljega voska in smole.