Realization and Unification of NAD83 in Canada and the U.S. via the ITRF

Abstract

A more unified realization of the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) was recently implemented by Canada and the U.S. tb provide more accurate and convenient access to this reference system. In both countries, NAD83 is the adopted datum for spatial positioning. It was initially realized in the mid-1980s by adjusting primarily classical geodetic observations that connected a network of monumented control points spanning North America. Although the new NAD83 realization is compatible with the original one within the accuracies of those classical observations, the wide use of high precision GPS surveys since then have required a more rigorous definition of NAD83 in terms of network scale, ellipsoidal heights and crustal motion. In an effort to provide a more precise realization of a 3D NAD83 common to both countries, and to comply with IAG resolutions recommending that reference systems be tied to the ITRS, Canada and the U.S. have collaborated in the determination of a common transformation between the ITRF and the fundamental 3Ddatum of NAD83. This conformal similarity transformation is based upon ITRF96, the latest realization of ITRF. Through the use of continuously operating GPS stations (CACS in Canada and CORS in the US) forming part of the ITRF, this transformation also provides more accurate and convenient access to the NAD83 reference frame. It also allows for the conversion of IGS precise GPS ephemerides from ITRF to NAD83, thereby enabling high accuracy GPS surveys to be performed entirely within NAD83.