Oxidative stress mechanisms in type 2 diabetes induced coronary heart disease

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause for major macrovascular complications like Coronary Heart disease (CHD). The number of CHD deaths attributable to diabetes has been increasing alarmingly. Oxidative stress induced by several metabolic derangements/pathways including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diminished antioxidant capacity, is one of the proposed pathogenic mechanisms for progression of CHD in type 2 diabetic subjects. Risk of CHD in type 2 diabetics is also influenced by several genetic factors apart from confounding risk factors. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in oxidative stress related genes like CYBA, TXNIP, TRXR2, MPO and PARP-1 are known to be associated with diabetes induced CHD. Hence, understanding the molecular and genetic pathophysiological mechanisms contributed by oxidative stress is vital to the prevention and management of diabetes-induced CHD.