Retinoblastoma: Disease, diagnosis, therapy and management

Abstract

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common malignant intraocular tumor of childhood. The condition is treatable if diagnosed early salvaging vision and the eyeball. Late diagnosis leads to local invasion and rarely metastasis causing considerable morbidity and mortality at least in the developing world. Recent advancement in molecular diagnosis and therapeutic options has improved the management of this disease effectively among patients and their families. Extensive research to understand the events that follows two hits in retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1), cell of origin of RB, molecular mechanism of tumor progression and chemoresistance can pave way to identify biomarkers and molecular targeted therapy for early diagnosis and better treatment options in future.