Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tuberculosis among elderly patients of a university hospital in Belém, Pará

  • Chaves E
  • Carneiro I
  • Santos M
  • et al.
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Abstract

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tuberculosis in elderly patients of a university hospital in Belém, Pará. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital, where 82 records of cases of tuberculosis in elderly patients were analyzed. The data was analyzed by applying the G-test, assuming a level of α=0.05 (5%) and a value of p=0.05. Results: Most of the elderly patients were male (64.6%), aged 60-69 years, especially among men (64.2%). Most were new cases of tuberculosis (95.1%), with a pulmonary clinical form (75.6%), associated diseases (69.5%) and a length of stay exceeding 21 days. Fever (67.1%), dyspnea (64.6%), weight loss (61.0%), productive cough (59.8%), chest pain (51.2%) were the main signs and symptoms. Regarding treatment, there was a high percentage of adverse reactions (50%), predominantly gastrointestinal events (70.7%). Most patients were cured (59.8%), but mortality from tuberculosis was considered high (15.9%). In terms of the exposure variables and outcome, there was a statistically significant difference for the age group (p=0.017), length of stay (p=0.000) and adverse reactions (p=0.018) only. Conclusion: The clinical presentation and therapeutic management of tuberculosis among the elderly has characteristics peculiar to this group, making it important to strengthen strategies that facilitate early identification of suspected cases of TB among elderly persons in the community, which should take place mainly through the primary care system.Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e evolutivos da tuberculose em idosos em um Hospital Universitário na cidade de Belém, Pará. Método: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, realizado em um hospital universitário, onde foram analisados 82 prontuários de casos de tuberculose em idosos. Os dados foram analisados através da aplicação do Teste G, admitindo-se nível α=0,05 (5%) e valor de p≤0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos era do sexo masculino (64,6%), com faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos, mais destacadamente entre os homens (64,2%), casos novos de tuberculose (95,1%), apresentando forma clínica pulmonar (75,6%), agravos associados (69,5%) e tempo de internação superior a 21 dias. Febre (67,1%), dispneia (64,6%), emagrecimento (61,0%), tosse produtiva (59,8%) e dor torácica (51,2%) foram os principais sinais e sintomas. Em relação ao tratamento, houve elevado percentual de reações adversas (50%), predominando as manifestações gastrointestinais (70,7%). A maioria dos pacientes curou (59,8%), contudo, o óbito por tuberculose foi considerado alto (15,9%). Quanto às variáveis de exposição e o desfecho, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas para a faixa de idade (p=0,017), tempo de internação (p=0,000) e reação adversa (p=0,018). Conclusão: a apresentação clínica e manejo terapêutico da tuberculose no idoso é diferenciado, fazendo-se necessário o fortalecimento de estratégias que propiciem a identificação precoce dos idosos suspeitos de tuberculose na comunidade, o que deve ocorrer principalmente através da Atenção Básica.

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Chaves, E. C., Carneiro, I. C. do R. S., Santos, M. I. P. de O., Sarges, N. de A., & Neves, E. O. S. das. (2017). Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of tuberculosis among elderly patients of a university hospital in Belém, Pará. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 20(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.160069

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