Enhanced reactivity of aluminum complexes containing P-bridged biphenolate ligands in ring-opening polymerization catalysis

Abstract

Aluminum complexes containing [RP(O)(2-O-3,5-tBu2C6H2)2]2- [R = tBu (3a), Ph (3b)] have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and their reactivity studied in comparison with those of their [RP(2-O-3,5-tBu2C6H2)2]2- [R = tBu (2a), Ph (2b)] analogs. Treating AlMe3 with one equiv of H2[3a-b] in THF at 0°C affords quantitatively [3a-b]AlMe, subsequent reactions of which with benzyl alcohol in THF at 25°C generate ([3a-b]Al(μ2-OCH2Ph))2. The methyl [3a-b]AlMe and the benzyloxide ([3a-b]Al(μ2-OCH2Ph))2 are all active for catalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide (rac-LA). Controlled experiments reveal that ([3a]Al(μ2-OCH2Ph))2 is competent in living polymerization. Kinetic studies indicate that [3a]AlMe, in the presence of benzyl alcohol, catalyzes ROP of rac-LA at a rate faster than [3b]AlMe and [2a]AlMe(THF) by a factor of 1.8 and 23.6, respectively, highlighting the profound reactivity enhancement in ROP catalysis by varying the P-substituents of these biphenolate complexes of aluminum.