Introduction to the taxonomy and general biology of diptera (Insecta) involved in the transmission of avian haemosporida

Abstract

Diptera is one of the most diverse orders of insects with more than 159,000 valid species described worldwide, which are arranged in approximately 158 families. A general overview of insect species of the order Diptera with hematophagous habits is presented. This includes some important characteristics to recognize those families with blood-sucking habits and a simple taxonomic key for their identification. Of the 13 blood-feeding families included, four are known to be involved as vectors of avian haemosporidia and are treated in more detail. As such, an overview of the morphology, biology, importance, taxonomy, and diversity of Culicidae, Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, and Hippoboscidae is presented. Basic literature for their study is also provided. The novice is reminded that many technical taxonomical terms will be used, so make sure you follow closely the figures legends and drawings throughout the text; we also include a glossary of terms to help you traverse the journey (remember patience and dedication pay off!).