Bioavailability and Inhibitory Actions of Trigonelline, Chlorogenic Acid and Related Compounds Against Hepatoma Cell Invasion in Culture and Their Modes of Actions

Abstract

The invasion of cancer cells is an important and characteristic step of cancer metastasis. We have found that coffee extract possesses anti-invasive activity. In the present study, the effects of coffee components on the invasion of hepatoma (AH109A) cells were investigated using in vitro and ex vivo invasion assay systems. Trigonelline suppressed the hepatoma cell invasion when added to experimental media, while it showed little effect on the hepatoma proliferation at the same concentrations. Sera obtained from rats orally given the test compounds, i.e., chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quinic acid, and trigonelline, inhibited the invasion of AH109A, indicating their absorbability from the gut and their bioavailability in the body. Caffeic acid, quinic acid, and trigonelline suppressed reactive oxygen species-potentiated invasive capacity when added to experimental media, whereas chlorogenic acid failed to do so. However, sera obtained from rats which had orally received the four test compounds including chlorogenic acid suppressed the radical-induced increase in the AH109A invasion, indicating that chlorogenic acid might act after its hydrolysis into caffeic and quinic acids during absorption from the gut. These results also suggest that the antioxidative properties of the food factors and of their intracorporeal metabolites may play an important role in their anti-invasive actions.