Probability in metrology

Abstract

The relationship is investigated between probability and metrology, here intended as the science of measurement. Metrology is shown to have historically participated in the development of statistic–probabilistic disciplines, not only adopting principles and methods, but also contributing with new and influential ideas. Two mainstreams of studies are identified in the science of measurement. The former starts with the classical theory of errors and ends with the contemporary debate on uncertainty; the latter originates from the development of a formal theory of measurement and it has attained recent results that make a systematic use of probability an appropriate logic for measurement. It is suggested that these two mainstreams may ultimately converge in a unique theory of measurement, formulated in a probabilistic language and applicable to all domains of science.