Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in healthy personnel from an academic institution of an urban area in Costa Rica

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in healthy employees of the Universidad de Ciencias Medicas, Costa Rica. Methods: Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and creatinine were measured in 80 people. Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure and 25--hydroxyvitamin D intake were estimated using a previously designed questionnaire. Participants were 52 women aged (mean +/- standard deviation) 35.8 +/- 10.0 years old, body mass index of 27.1 +/- 5.9 kg/m(2), and 26 men aged 36.4 +/- 10.8 years old, body mass index of 27.5 +/- 5.0 kg/m(2). Results: All participants were normocalcemic, eight females were postmenopausal, three were hypertensive; none had renal, gastrointestinal, or thyroid disease. The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 23.9 +/- 7.0 ng/dL and iPTH 40.1 +/- 17.5 pg/dL. A level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D >= 30 ng/dL was seen in 17\% of the population. The eight participants with iPTH higher than 67 ng/dL, had 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 18.9 +/- 4.8 ng/dL. Two participants who received 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium supplements were excluded. Conclusion: The 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency and deficiency found in healthy employees from an academic center in Costa Rica may be due to working long hours in-doors and solar ultraviolet radiation exposure. It is unknown whether secondary hyperparathyroidism seen in nearly 10\% of this population, may have long-term effects on bone health.