XPath with conditional axis relations

Abstract

This paper is about the W3C standard node-addressing language for XML documents, called XPath. XPath is still under development. Version 2.0 appeared in 2001 while the theoretical foundations of Version 1.0 (dating from 1998) are still being widely studied. The paper aims at bringing XPath to a "stable fixed point" in its development: a version which is expressively complete, still manageable computationally, with a user-friendly syntax and a natural semantics. We focus on an important axis relation which is not expressible in XPath 1.0 and is very useful in practice: the conditional axis. With it we can express paths specified by for instance "do a child step, while test is true at the resulting node". We study the effect of adding conditional axis relations to XPath on its expressive power and the complexity of the query evaluation and query equivalence problems. We define an XPath dialect XCPath which is expressively complete, has a linear time query evaluation algorithm and for which query equivalence given a DTD can be decided in exponential time. © Springer-Verlag 2004.