Practical Applications of Sustainability Science in Landscape Planning Preliminary Stage of Bunaken-Tangkoko-Minahasa Biosphere Reserve

Abstract

Sustainability Science (SS) is important in resource management, however not always well translated into actions. This research aims to find and implement practical applications of SS in the preliminary stage of landscape planning in Bunaken-Tangkoko-Minahasa Biosphere Reserve (BTMBR). The researchers put both perception and role of all local parties from the problem definition stage in landscape planning into account. The primary data was collected by using questionnaires. The secondary data includes literature review of SS in landscape planning, BTMBR's characteristics, regulations and organizations. The researchers analyse landscape firstly by its 3-in-1-components namely space, environment, and human an later as unity. All parties consider watershed management as the entry point to sustainable and resilient landscape planning in this research case. The upstream part is perceived playing an important role, and because it is located in BTMBR core zone, this can be useful in future landscape management programs. The slope degree, which relates to watershed parts, is an important factor therefore landscape planning should consider different demand according to it. The Tondano Lake, as an important water element in BTMBR, do not have any conservation status. The researchers propose efforts to improve regulation and program including all local parties integration and involvement.