Three Reversible Data Encoding Algorithms based on DNA and Amino Acids' Structure

Abstract

The field of using biology in cryptography is a new and very promising direction in cryptographic research. Although in its primitive stage, DNA cryptography is shown to be very effective. Currently, several DNA computing algorithms are proposed for quite some cryptography, cryptanalysis and steganography problems, and they are very powerful in these areas. In this paper, we introduce three methods of encoding inspired from the DNA (or RNA) structure and its relation to the amino acids in the standard genetic code table. The paper explains three techniques to convert data from binary form to DNA (or RNA) form then to amino acids' form and the reverse. We proved they are applicable and correctly reversible. The algorithms can serve in DNA computers and biological experiments by representing data in the form of amino acids. They also can be viewed as a simple algorithm to convert data from a form to another completely different form with the ability to convert it back to the initial form. Although they don't include the use of secret key but they can also be used as an auxiliary factor in data integrity and digital signature applications.