Resistance-exercise training ameliorates LPS-induced cognitive impairment concurrent with molecular signaling changes in the rat dentate gyrus

Abstract

Effective treatments preventing brain neuroinflammatory diseases are lacking. Resistance-exercise training (RT) ameliorates mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a forerunner to neuroinflammatory diseases. However, few studies have addressed the molecular basis by which RT abates MCI. Thus experiments were performed to identify some molecular changes occurring in response to RT in young, female Wistar rats. To induce MCI, intraventricular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections were used to increase dentate gyrus inflammation, reflected by significantly increased TNF- (~400%) and IL-1 (~1,500%) mRNA (P 0.0001) after 6 wk. Five days after LPS injections, half of LPS-injected rats performed RT by ladder climbing for 6 wk, 3 days/wk, whereas half remained without ladders. RT for 6 wk increased lean body mass percentage (P 0.05), individual muscle masses (gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior) (P 0.05), and maximum lifting capacity (P 0.001). The RT group, compared with sedentary controls, had 1) ameliorated spatial learning deficits (P 0.05), 2) increased dentate gyrus phosphorylation of IGF-1R, protein kinase B, and GSK-3 proteins (P 0.05), components of downstream IGF-1 signaling, and 3) increased dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity marker synapsin protein (P 0.05). Two follow-up experiments (without LPS) characterized dentate gyrus signaling during short-term RT. Twenty-four hours following the third workout in a 1-wk training duration, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and GSK-3 proteins, as well as proliferation marker protein, PCNA, were significantly increased (P 0.05). Similar changes did not occur in a separate group of rats following a single RT workout. Taken together, these data indicate that RT ameliorates LPS-induced MCI after RT, possibly mediated by increased IGF-1 signaling pathway components within the dentate gyrus.