Bioinformatics, Genomics, and Proteomics Tools in Drug Design

Abstract

Unraveling of human genome sequences had enabled the discovery of new drugs, studies of their effects, and determination of their main targets. Integrated genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics have led to powerful new strategies for solving many biochemical issues and developing new techniques which give new biomedical products. Among the applications were analyses of DNA and genome annotation, predicting target structure, and understanding the genetics of disease. As a result, a new trend in research had evolved to illustrate the mechanism of drug action, predict of drug resistance, and discover biomarkers for many diseases. The discovery of new drugs is complex process. Drug design is based on 2 main strategies: ligand-based drug design and structure-based drug design. Studying protein structure and function was the key to develop drug in which modern techniques were used based on combinatorial approaches like proteomics, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular docking and mass spectrometry. To successfully design a new drug, it is important to identify the cell or tissue targeted by this drug. No absolute confirmation that the suspected drug will be effective in vivo. In this review, an overview on the combinatorial approaches of proteomics, genomics and bioinformatics that help understanding the process of drug design is discussed.