Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects of the combination of meperidine and prilocaine for spinal anaesthesia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of a small dose of prilocaine could augment the spinal block induced by meperidine and affect intrathecal meperidine pharmacokinetic behaviour. Spinal anaesthesia was performed in 60 men scheduled for endoscopic resection of a prostatic adenoma or bladder tumour under spinal anaesthesia. They were allocated randomly to receive either 1 mg ·kg-1 meperidine (Group l, n = 30), or 1 mg· kg-1 meperidine plus 0.5 mg· kg-1 prilocaine (Group 2, n = 30). Blood samples were collected prior to and for 24 hr after spinal injection in 24 patients (12 in each group). Plasma meperidine levels were assayed by gas chromatography. Complete motor block was achieved in all Group 2 patients, but was incomplete in seven of Group 1 (P < 0.05). The onset of both motor and sensory blocks was shorter (P <0.01) in Group 2 and the duration was longer (P < 0.05). Coadministration of prilocaine modifies meperidine pharmacokinetic behaviour. The area under curve was 48% greater (P < 0.01) and Cmax was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1,145.8 ±42.2 vs 107 ±20.5 ng·ml-1 (P <0.001). No evidence of respiratory depression was noted in any of the patients. Despite the increase in plasma meperidine concentrations, no side effects were observed. The plasma concentrations remained at one third to one sixth the levels reported to induce a respiratory depression. It is concluded that the addition of prilocaine to meperidine improves motor and sensory block during surgery and alters meperidine kinetics without producing major side effects. © 1992 Canadian Anesthesiologists.