Controlling acute infammation with fast releasing dexamethasone-PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composites for implantable devices

Abstract

Background: Continuous release of dexamethasone from PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composites has been shown to suppress the infammatory tissue reaction in response to subcutaneously implanted foreign material for a period of one month. The scope of the present work is to investigate whether suppressing the initial acute infammatory phase with fast releasing dexamethasone-PLGA microsphere/PVA composites (that release the drug over a period of one week) would prevent the development of a foreign body reaction in response to implantation in the subcutaneous tissue using a rat model. Methods: Dexamethasone loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. In vitro release from microspheres was analyzed using USP apparatus 4 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C. Composites were fabricated in 18G needles by freeze-thaw cycling the PVA/microsphere dispersion. The composites were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of anesthetized rats. The pharmacodynamic effect was evaluated by histological examination of the tissue surrounding the composites at pre-determined time points. Results: In vitro release studies showed that most of the drug entrapped in the microspheres was released within one week. At days 3 and 8, these fast releasing dexamethasone containing composites suppressed the acute phase of infammation but did not prevent the development of an infammatory reaction after dexamethasone was completely released from the composites. By day 30, chronic infammation and fbrosis were observed in the tissue surrounding the drug-containing composites. On days 3 and 8, the number of infammatory cells in the vicinity of the dexamethasone containing composites was similar to that in normal tissue. However, the number of infammatory cells was higher in drug-containing composites as compared to drug-free composites by day 30. This was due to the infammation being in a more advanced stage in drug-free composites where a granulomatous reaction had already developed. Conclusion: Fast release of dexamethasone from PLGA/PVA composites did not provide long-term protection against the foreign body reaction in response to implantation. It would appear that a sustained delivery of anti-infammatory agents such as dexamethasone is necessary to suppress infammation throughout the implant life-time. © Diabetes Technology Society.