Evolution of numerical modeling as a tool for predicting tsunami-induced morphological changes in coastal areas: A review since the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

Abstract

Extensive datasets of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami, which include offshore records and onshore measurements, spatial distribution of erosion and deposition of sediments, as well as pre- and post-tsunami topography and bathymetry facilitated validation of developing tsunami sediment transport modeling. Case studies from Sendai Plain and Sanriku Coast have revealed detailed processes of tsunami-induced morphological change, and demonstrated the advantage of inclusion of sediment transport modeling to tsunami simulations. Modeling of morphological change is essential for accurate prediction of the inundation area in case topography consists of movable sediments. This paper reviews recent studies regarding the 2011 event and challenges for future research.