CD34+ cell dose predicts survival, posttransplant morbidity, and rate of hematologic recovery after allogeneic marrow transplants for hematologic malignancies

Abstract

After autologous or allogeneic transplants of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), an adequate dose of CD34+ cells is necessary to ensure early and sustained hematopoietic engraftment and favorable clinical outcome. There are no comparable data on the relationship between CD34+ cell dose and recovery after allogeneic bone marrow transplants (BMT). Twenty-eight patients with hematologic malignancies received a BMT from an HLA-identical sibling, using T-cell depletion and cyclosporin for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis and delayed donor lymphocyte transfusions in an attempt to prevent leukemia relapse. The treatment-related mortality (TRM), primarily due to infections and cytopenias, was significantly higher for 13 patients receiving less than 1 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg (64.9% ± 12.8% v 6.9% ± 6.4%, P = .003). Survival at a median follow-up of 1 year was also lower in the group receiving less than 1 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg (30.8% ± 12.8 v 74.3% ± 13.7%, P = .005). The CD34+ cell dose was the only variable significantly associated with TRM. The dose of CD34+ cells also correlated with speed of hematopoietic recovery. Patients receiving more than 2 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg showed significantly earlier recovery of monocytes and a trend for earlier recovery of lymphocytes. They achieved platelet and red blood cell transfusion independence earlier, required less granulocyte colony- stimulating factor support during ganciclovir treatment, and spent fewer days in the hospital after transplantation. These results suggest that, for allogeneic T-cell-depleted BMT, the higher CD34+ cell doses may improve outcome in engrafting patients.