Bioprocesses for the Production of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid

Abstract

Recently, major industries focus on the chemical processes for the production of “green” alternative substance 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) for polymers, from glucose, fructose, and even from biomass through HMF as intermediate, although biological processes have greater significance nowadays as a less toxic method for the production of FDCA. Until now, only laboratory-scale production has been reported as biological approaches like whole cell using microorganisms and enzymatic approaches from many countries. According to the reports, for microbial production, a genetically engineered strain P. putida S12 with co-expressed genes showed the highest production of 150 g/L FDCA from HMF. For enzyme-assisted biocatalysis galactose oxidase M3–5, periplasmic aldehyde oxidase (PaoABC) and a catalase have been used as one-pot experiment for sequential oxidations higher substrate concentration HMF (100 mM) and obtained 74% of FDCA production. Acid precipitation (pH 0.5–3), cooling, and centrifugation followed by solvent extraction is normally used for the purification of FDCA from microbial broth and enzyme reaction mixture. From enzyme reaction media, a maximum of 15 mg has been obtained in pure form from a 40 mg (FDCA) production media. Further experiments are needed for the efficient biological production and purification of FDCA for industries from the current laboratory scale.