Overview of Indonesian national cotton varieties (Kanesia) in supporting national textile industri

Abstract

The cotton development program in Indonesia is prioritized to support the national textile industry. Program on Cotton Intensification for Smallholders (IKR) began in 1978/1979 with cotton planted area 15-22 ha and using introduced cotton varieties. The fiber quality of these introduced varieties was appropriate for the raw materials of the textile industry. However, the introduced varieties were not following the Indonesian agroecosystem, especially their resistance to the main cotton pest, namely cotton planthopper, Amrasca biguttulla Ishida. The purpose of this review is to study the development of Indonesian cotton varieties and their use as raw materials in the textile industry. The development of Indonesian cotton varieties began in 1985 oriented to the varieties with characters on high productivity and resistance to cotton planthopper. In the development of the Indonesian National Cotton (Kanesia) variety, there was an increase in production potential and fiber quality, so that it affected its use in the textile industry. From 1990 to 1998, cotton varieties Kanesia 1 - Kanesia 7 were released with high productivity character orientation, namely 350-902.4 kg fiber/ha and relatively resistant to cotton planthopper with a fiber length of 27.78-31.75 mm (fiber category: medium-long). In 2003 Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 were released by improving the character of production and fiber content, id., 650.8-962.2 kg fiber/ha, with fiber lengths of 29.2-30.3 mm (fiber category: medium-long). In 2007 6 new superior varieties were released, namely Kanesia 10 - Kanesia 15 with improved character production potential (586,5-1,178.8 kg fiber/ha), as well as drought-resistant characters for Kanesia 14 and Kanesia 15, fiber length 26,92-29.97 mm (fiber category: medium-long). In 2014, 5 varieties Kanesia 16 - Agri Kanesia 20 were released with improvements to the character of production potential, namely 478.4-1,616.3 kg fiber/ha, and also improvement in fiber quality for the character of strength, elasticity, and smoothness of fiber, with fiber length, 28.7-29.6 mm (medium fiber category). Kanesia 21 - Kanesia 23 were released in 2017 with improvements to the character of production potential, namely 726.1-1,420.3 kg of fiber/ha and improvement in the character of fiber elasticity. Fiber quality is the main character for determining the use of cotton fiber to be processed into yarn (yarn) and the subsequent process to become textile.