Whiplash injury, muscle pain and motor dysfunction

Abstract

Whiplash-associated disorders following motor vehicle accidents constitute a significant human and economic problem to societies worldwide and are the topic of many publications. Although there are many indications that persistent pain and loss of function following whiplash can be attributed at least partially to muscular dysfunction, relatively few articles and studies have focused on muscle pain in particular. When considered, muscle pain and motor dysfunction are often interpreted as phenomena secondary to cervical disk and spine injuries or ligamentous stress. This chapter includes a brief review of common kinematic and dynamic parameters of whiplash, with an emphasis on rear-end collisions. The interactions between the vehicle and its occupants, such as the seat back, head restraints, seat belt, and airbags, are considered in relation to risk of injury. Several classification systems are reviewed.