Secondary cervical cancer prevention in routine prenatal care - coverage, results and lessons for the future

Abstract

Objectives: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide and one of the most common malignancies diagnosed in gravidas. Therefore, routine antenatal Pap smear is such an important examination. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Pap smear performance during prenatal care and to determine possible factors affecting it. Material and methods: A self-composed questionnaire was distributed among 638 women managed in a tertiary obstetric referral center. 33 questions regarded cervical cancer prevention and risk factors. Results: 96.9% of respondents had undergone Pap smear and 80.6% had it performed during pregnancy. For 11.5% women Pap smear in pregnancy was the first one in their life. The most common reasons for lack of Pap smear performance were: no subjective need to perform it (40.9%), no doctor's recommendation (28.6%) and lack of gynecological care (16.3%). Among professionally active women the percentage of those who had not undergone Pap smear during pregnancy was statistically higher (28.5%) than among those who were on sick leave (13.5%) (p = 0.0003). Also, younger women were at risk of less frequent participation in cervical cancer screening Conclusions: Although performance of Pap smear among surveyed patients was relatively high, there was a significant group of women who had undergone their first test during pregnancy, which makes secondary cervical cancer prevention in prenatal care a useful prophylactic strategy. Special attention should be given to younger and professionally active women.