Theoretical investigation on disuse atrophy resulting from computer support for cognitive tasks

Abstract

We propose a new concept, disuse atrophy in cognitive abilities, i.e., cognitive disuse atrophy. Generally, the term "disuse atrophy" has been used to describe physical atrophy, such as muscle wasting. We advance the idea that disuse atrophy appears not only as physical loss but also as a loss of cognitive abilities. To understand the mechanisms underlying cognitive disuse atrophy, we note the duality of cognitive activities such as performance- and learning-oriented activities when engaging in tasks. It is crucial to investigate the balancing of these two types of activities as the assistance dilemma in learning science. We explored principles for controlling this balance based on two theories: cognitive load theory and goal achievement theory. Cognitive load theory distinguishes three types of cognitive loads. This theory proposes to suppress the extraneous load to the minimum, while assigning adequate amounts of the germane load for learning-oriented activities into working memory, and still leave enough resources for the intrinsic load of performance-oriented activities. Goal achievement theory assumes principles from the viewpoint of goal setting. Specifically, orientation to a performance goal activates performance-oriented activities, and orientation to a learning goal causes learners to direct their efforts to learning-oriented activities. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.