Structural modification as the pioneer strategy in competition of the porphyrin dye and perovskite solar cells: From dynamics to kinetics of the photovoltaic processes

Abstract

Molecular engineering plays a key role in designing efficient dye-sensitized/perovskite solar cells (DSSCs/PSCs). Porphyrins have more favorable spectroscopic properties than AZn(COOH)3 perovskites due to their lower chemical hardness. Also, porphyrins are pioneering photosensitizers in exciton formation/dissociation, kinetically. The presence of Zn2+ and butadiyne as the linker in the porphyrins and the existence of the electron donors of dimethylammonium and formamidinium in the perovskites improve their photovoltaic properties. Porphyrin dimers have a greater charge transfer distance in comparison to the monomers. However, they show less energy conversion efficiency, which may be related to the quenching of the interporphyrin charge transfer. As a consequence, DSSCs based on the porphyrin monomers have a higher efficiency than the studied PSCs.