An Isoform of the Coactivator AIB1 that Increases Hormone and Growth Factor Sensitivity Is Overexpressed in Breast Cancer

Abstract

The AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer 1) protein is a coactivator that potentiates the transcriptional activity of nuclear hormone receptors, and its gene is amplified in a subset of human breast cancers. Here we report a splice variant of AIB1 mRNA that lacks the exon 3 sequence. We determined that the AIB-Δ3 mRNA encoded a 130-kDa protein that lacks the NH 2-terminal basic helix-loop-helix and a portion of the PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim homology) dimerization domain. The 130-kDa protein was detected in MCF-7 breast cancer cells at levels that were 5-10% of the full-length protein, whereas in nontransformed mammary epithelium lines, the AIB-Δ3 protein was present at significantly lower levels compared with the full-length AIB1. Consistent with this finding, the abundance of AIB1-Δ3 mRNA was increased in human breast cancer specimens relative to that in normal breast tissue. To determine whether there were phenotypic changes associated with the overexpression of the AIB-Δ3 isoform, we performed functional reporter gene assays. These revealed that the ability of AIB1-Δ3 to promote transcription mediated by the estrogen or progesterone receptors was significantly greater than that of the full-length protein. Surprisingly, the AIB1-Δ3 isoform was also more effective than AIB1 in promoting transcription induced by epidermal growth factor. Overexpression of AIB1-Δ3 may thus play an important role in sensitizing breast tumor cells to hormone or growth factor stimulation.