Differences in Special Olympics athletes and non-athletes with intellectual disability: Physical activity, strength and aerobic fitness

Abstract

Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have higher degree of sedentary lifestyle and participate less in physical activity (PA) compared to the general population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse differences in the level of PA and the fitness level, i.e., body mass index (BMI), muscular strength and aerobic fitness, among people with ID based on participation in the Special Olympics. Data were analysed from the Special Olympics Sweden Invitational Games 2020, on athletes (n=38) and non-athletes with ID (n=20) on strength (partial sit-up, seated push-up, handgrip and timed sit to stand test), aerobic fitness (2 min step test), BMI, and a PA questionnaire. Athletes showed higher levels of moderate intensity PA, both groups had high BMI, low levels of aerobic fitness and strength. From this study, Special Olympics athletes and non-athletes with ID need to increase their PA consisting of both strength training and high intensity PA to improve physical health aspects.