Phytoremediation: green technology for improving aquatic and terrestrial environments

Abstract

Abstract. Environmental remediation by traditional physicochemical methods has several drawbacks, the most important of which is the high cost. Phytoremediation is the use of plants and associated microorganisms to improve degraded environments, Plant sensitivity to climate, seasonal growing, resistant to toxic compounds and suspended solids are limitations of this cost effective technology. Costs of phytoremediation can be offset by the production of valuable biomass for timber, fuel, essential oils and other uses. In some cases, the biomass may contain high concentrations of valuable trace elements such as nickel. Successful phytoremediation depends on suitable plants selection and application of appropriate agronomic techniques. In most cases, locally native plants are the most suitable phytoremediator for phytoremediation. This review collected 20 phytoremediation related terms containing phytomining, agromining, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizoremediation, phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytopumping, phytotransformation, phytofiltration, rhizofiltration, phycoremediation, dendroremediation, cyanoremediation, mycoremediation, phytosequestration, phytoimmobilization, phytoaccumulation, phytostimulation, and phytodesalination. More than 200 research article reviewed for this paper.