HAI Peptide and Backbone Analogs—Validation and Enhancement of Biostability and Bioactivity of BBB Shuttles

Abstract

Low effectiveness and resistance to treatments are commonplace in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). These issues concern mainly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which preserves homeostasis in the brain and protects this organ from toxic molecules and biohazards by regulating transport through it. BBB shuttles—short peptides able to cross the BBB—are being developed to help therapeutics to cross this barrier. BBB shuttles can be discovered by massive exploration of chemical diversity (e.g. computational means, phage display) or rational design (e.g. derivatives from a known peptide/protein able to cross). Here we present the selection of a peptide shuttle (HAI) from several candidates and the subsequent in-depth in vitro and in vivo study of this molecule. In order to explore the chemical diversity of HAI and enhance its biostability, and thereby its bioactivity, we explored two new protease-resistant versions of HAI (i.e. the retro-D-version, and a version that was N-methylated at the most sensitive sites to enzymatic cleavage). Our results show that, while both versions of HAI are resistant to proteases, the retro-D-approach preserved better transport properties.