Identifying the risk factors of antepartum haemorrhage and to evaluate the feto maternal outcome in antepartum haemorrhage cases

Abstract

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage is an obstetric emergency contributing to a significant percentage of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 30% of maternal deaths are caused by ante-partum haemorrhage. In spite of a lot of improvement in antenatal care and intrapartum surveillance, antepar-tum haemorrhage has not reduced. Present study was conducted to assess the causes of APH and to compare the fetomaternal outcome among placenta previa and abruptio placenta group.Methods: The study was conducted in BRD medical college Gorakhpur, over a period of 1 year (October 2019 to September 2020) in which 100 cases of APH were taken and classified into placenta previa and abruptio placenta group and their fetomaternal outcome were compared.Results: In our study, out of 100 cases of APH 69% cases were of placenta previa followed by abruptio placen-ta in 29% cases and rest 2% cases were unclassified APH. Multigravida is the major risk factor in both placenta previa and abruptio placenta group. Second major risk factor in placenta previa group was h/o LSCS and in abruptio placenta group was HDP. Stillbirth was significantly seen in abruptio placenta group whereas Low birth weight babies (1.5-2.5 kg) were more in placenta previa group. Though the maternal outcome is poor in placenta previa group but the fetal outcome is worse in abruptio placenta group.Conclusions: APH neither can be reliably predicted nor can be prevented but only a comprehensive focused experienced team work can reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.