The ΔF508 mutation disrupts packing of the transmembrane segments of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Abstract

The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (deletion of Phe-508 in the first nucleotide binding domain (ΔF508)) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes retention of the mutant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. We previously showed that the ΔF508 mutation causes the CFTR protein to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in an inactive and structurally altered state. Proper packing of the transmembrane (TM) segments is critical for function because the TM segments form the chloride channel. Here we tested whether the ΔF508 mutation altered packing of the TM segments by disulfide cross-linking analysis between TM6 and TM12 in wild-type and ΔF508 CFTRs. These TM segments were selected because TM6 appears to line the chloride channel, and cross-linking between these TM segments has been observed in the CFTR sister protein, the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. We first mapped potential contact points in wild-type CFTR by cysteine mutagenesis and thiol cross-linking analysis. Disulfide cross-linking was detected in CFTR mutants M348C(TM6)/T1142C(TM12), T351C(TM6)/ T1142C(TM12), and W356C(TM6)/W1145C(TM12) in a wild-type background. The disulfide cross-linking occurs intramolecularly and was reducible by dithiothreitol. Introduction of the ΔF508 mutation into these cysteine mutants, however, abolished cross-linking. The results suggest that the ΔF508 mutation alters interactions between the TM domains. Therefore, a potential target to correct folding defects in the ΔF508 mutant of CFTR is to identify compounds that promote correct folding of the TM domains.