A review of carbon-based refractory materials and their applications

Abstract

SYNOPSIS Although carbon is typically considered a reductant in pyrometallurgical smelting processes, it can also be applied as refractory material in the furnace containment system. The paper introduces researchers, new to the field, to refractory materials and the role they play in the design of the furnace containment system. It also provides an overview of carbon-containing and carbon-based refractory materials and their respective applications, including the refractory lining of the furnace containment system. The industries discussed include iron and steel making, ferro-alloys (silicomanganese), and platinum group metals. Keywords: refractories, carbon-containing, carbon-based, graphite, carbon.